Understanding NonCount Nouns
Today we are going to talk about the difference between count and noncount nouns.
Most nouns in English can be counted. Think of the noun shirt, as in, “I bought a shirt.” If you have more than one shirt, you just add “s” to make it plural.
“I bought 10 shirts.”
But a shirt is part of a larger category: clothing. You can say “I bought three shirts” but you cannot say, “I bought three clothings.” Clothing is a noncount noun. You cannot use a, an, or a number before a noncount noun.
Grammatically, a noncount noun is always singular, even if it refers to multiple items like furniture, luggage, or equipment.
A count noun in your native language might be a noncount noun in English. For example, the Spanish translation for homework (tarea) is a count noun. But homework is a noncount noun in English. It would sound strange to say, “I had three homeworks.” You could say, “I had a lot of homework.”
You can also could say, “I had three homework assignments.” In this example, homework is used as an adjective. It describes assignment. You can count assignments, but you cannot count homework.
There is no perfect rule to determine if a noun is count or noncount. Fortunately, most noncount nouns fall into a few categories.
Groups of similar things
Noncount nouns often refer to groups of similar objects. Furniture, for example, is a noncount noun. Furniture is a collection of similar countable items like chairs, sofas, tables, shelves, beds and so on.
Luggage is also a noncount noun. You can count bags, packages, and backpacks, but you cannot count luggage. Other noncount nouns that refer to groups of similar things include equipment, food, garbage, mail, money and vocabulary.
Abstractions
Abstract words are noncount. These are words that refer to ideas or qualities instead of physical objects or events. Abstractions are usually things that you cannot see: They only exist in the mind. For example: love, hate, information, news, peace, music and art. There are tens of thousands of abstract words.
Other types of noncount nouns
It is logical that particles — things that come in very small pieces — are noncount nouns. It would be difficult to count rice, corn, salt, sugar and dust.
The names of academic fields of study are noncount. Even though physics, economics, and mathematics all end with an s, they are singular noncount nouns. For example, “Physics is difficult.”
Words related to nature and weather are often noncount, such as rain, wind, snow, lightning, fire and air.
Words with count and noncount meaning
A few words can be used as count and noncount nouns. But the meaning changes a little bit. Let’s look at the word glass. As a noncount noun, glass refers to the clear material used to make windows. For example, “The lamp was made of glass.”
As a count noun, glass refers to a drinking container made of glass, as in “Could you bring me a glass of water?”
The plural glasses has two meanings. It could refer to more than one drinking container. “Please wash the glasses.”
Glasses could also refer to spectacles, a pair of lenses used to correct vision. “I have been wearing glasses since I was a teenager.”
Coffee, along with other drinks, has a count and noncount meaning. “Coffee is grown in Colombia” refers to coffee as an agricultural product. “I’ll have a coffee” refers to a single cup of coffee.
Making Noncount Nouns into Count Nouns
There are a few very important words that make it possible to count noncount nouns. Many food words are noncount nouns. But if you are cooking, you need to measure specific amounts of food.
A recipe for cookies might call for “2 cups of sugar, a half-pound of butter, and 1 teaspoon of vanilla.” Pound, cup and teaspoon are examples of measure words that you can use to make noncount nouns countable.
One of the most useful of these measure words is piece. You cannot count information but you can count a piece of information. Piece is a very useful word because it can be used with both count and noncount nouns. For example, you can have two pieces of pie or three pieces of information. Listen to this song by Paul Young.
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